The state of agricultural extension services in ethiopia and their contribution to agricultural productivity. A local average treatment effect late technique bola amoke awotide1, aliou diagne2 and b. Currently, therefore, ethiopia could account for anything up to 25% of all the extension workers in subsaharan africa and this figure could rise to 30% when the targeted staffing equating to 6066,000 workers in post is achieved. Course guideaem 301introduction to agricultural extension andrural sociologycourse developerwriter dr. Agricultural extension in ethiopia through a gender and. The political economy of agricultural extension policy in. History of agricultural extension in the world and in africa. Are rural youth in ethiopia abandoning agriculture.
Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia. A study of the development impact of the miessodangago road. Using agriculture extension agents to promote nutrition. First of all, ethiopian solutions must be thought of by ethiopians. Spielman, dawit kelemwork, and dawit alemu development strategy and governance division, international food policy research institute ethiopia strategy support program ii, ethiopia ifpriaddis ababa p. In ethiopia, public agricultural extension service paes has a history of more than sixty years, and is entrusted to bring about meaningful change to farmers. The case of participatory demonstration and training extension system article pdf available in journal of social development in africa 181.
Agricultural extension services include transferring knowledge to farmers, advising and educating farmers in. Though extension was practiced for many years in ethiopia, it is recently that smallscale farmers have got attention. These extension approaches have been pushing in one way or another for increased use of chemical fertilizers to increase crop yield. The average grain yield for various crops is less than 1 ton per hectare csa. Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension. Evaluation of the ethiopian agricultural extension with particular emphasis on the participatory demonstration and training extension system padetes. A view from the farm abeje berhanu 0f 1 since the 1960s, ethiopia has been experimenting with different agricultural extension programs e. Evaluation of the ethiopian agricultural extension with.
The result of the analysis revealed that fhhs are less educated and relatively poor in endowment of crucial resources such as land, livestock and labor. Attitude of farmers of their level of involvement in. Agricultural research and development in ethiopia by efrem bechere phd texas tech university table of contents 1. Sustainable agricultural practices and agricultural. As a rural development instrument, communication holds great promise for serving those in. The study reveals that highlevel agricultural manpower training began in the early 1950s and that, at present, the country has seven institutions of higher learning, which train students in agriculture and related fields. Background 3 ethiopian development strategy 9adli is a national policy basis for ethiopias development 9land and human labor is considered key factors 9water is considered as a third pillar for development 9other capitals are scarce in most cases achieving goals is a challenge. The impact of strengthening agricultural extension. The state of agricultural extension services in ethiopia and their contribution to agricultural productivity guush berhane, catherine ragasa, gashaw t. At that time there were about 15,000 extension workers in ethiopia. Salawu abubakar tafawa balewa university, bauchicourse editor professor s. In line with this, several attempts have been made to improve the effectiveness of agricultural research at both the national and regional levels and various approaches. The future of ethiopias agriculture monday, 21 december 2015 09.
Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product gdp, 83. Madagascar, in ethiopia, samuel 2006 found that farmers are too reluctant to use chemical fertilizer as they believe it will damage the crop due to the erratic rain fall nature. Agricultural extension for enhancing production and. Cheesman is a major multipurpose crop in ethiopia, which has been identified as the center of origin and diversity of enset 5, 11. Pdf agricultural extension in ethiopia through a gender. The health extension program is a flagship of the ethiopian health sector development program. Implications of an extension package approach for farmers. Speaking at a workshop organized for the launching of the strategy for stakeholders, agriculture. Abstract the overriding purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamic impacts of agricultural extension in ethiopia. Agricultural extension and its impact on food crop.
Relative to other african countries, agricultural research in ethiopia is quite young. Enset is a perennial, herbaceous and long broad leaves endemic root crop plant to ethiopia, which belongs to a. Haramaya university, department of rural development and agricultural extension, haramaya, ethiopia. Individuals in ethiopia report bei ng satisfied with extension advice at staggering rates this is also consistent with findings from a recent study, davis et al. The majority of the youth in ethiopia live in rural areas where farming has been traditionally the main livelihood of the people. Ilri workshop, march 1416, addis ababa, ethiopia page 5 i. This study aimed at understanding the impact of extension on the livelihood of farming communities and diversity of local crop varieties in guduru district, east wollega zone of oromiya regional state. However, ethiopias agriculture is characterized by a very low productivity. Agricultural extension in ethiopia there is ample evidenceas agriculture has been practiced in the nile basin du ring the 10th millennium b. With a population of about 92 million, ethiopia is the second most populous country in subsaharan africa. Sustainable agricultural practices and agricultural productivity in ethiopia. Studies show that ethiopia has the largest agricultural extension system in subsaharan africa, and third largest in the world after china and india swanson and rajalahti, 2010. Review on role and challenges of agricultural extension service on farm productivity in ethiopia int. Pdf on jul 3, 2019, million gebreyes and others published ict for agricultural extension in ethiopia find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Productivity and efficiency of agricultural extension package in ethiopia by gezahegn ayele, mekonnen bekele and samia zekeria the ethiopian the ethiopian development research institute development research institutedevelopment research institute edriedriedri research report 5 addis ababa, ethiopia june, 2006. There are a few assumptions as to why agricultural extension in ethiopia is simultaneously employing. Implications of an extension package approach for farmers indigenous knowledge. Highlevel agricultural manpower training in ethiopian institutions of higher education aihespecializing in agriculture and related fields was studied. Ethiopias achievements in rural development and extension as a result of this commitment and strategy include increased modernization and revitalization of. This study deals with gender analysis in agriculture. Indepth assessment of the public agricultural extension. Analysis of farmers participation in public agricultural extension services. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia summary of essp ii working paper 20, seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia ethiopia strategy support program essp ii research note 12 in spite of nearly two decades of policies that placed high. Linkage of higher education with agricultural research. So far, the extension system in ethiopia is unable to address the cultural taboos against the participation of female farmers in ploughing and sowing, which subsequently reduces the rigid division of labor both at the household and field levels earo, 2000. For content validi currently, the paes has adopted a participatory demonstration and training extension system.
Socioeconomic context and role of agriculture the federal democratic republic of ethiopia is a landlocked country in the horn of africa and is one of the most biologically and culturally diverse countries on the continent. Dynamic impacts of agricultural extension program in. Km, of which 65% is arable population is over 80 million altitude ranges from 126 mas denakel area, inf qafar to 4620 masl ras dashen, northwest. Socioeconomic context and role of agriculture ethiopia. Productivity and efficiency of agricultural extension. Active role of stakeholders in the implementation of. The state of agricultural extension services in ethiopia. Population growth and cultivated land in rural ethiopia.
Omonona3 1,3 department of agricultural economics, university of ibadan, nigeria 2leader, impact assessment and policy unit, africa rice centre, cotonou, benin republic. History of agricultural extension in the world and in africa 1. Factors affecting agricultural extension for agricultural. Factors affecting agricultural extension for agricultural technology distribution and adoption 1. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia david j. In october 2010, a fiveyear agricultural growth program agp i was signed between the government of ethiopia goe, and the world bank ida including other development partners. Agricultural extension work in ethiopia began in 1931 with the establishment of the.
Agricultural research started with the establishment of the ambo and jimma colleges of agriculture in 1947 and the imperial college of agriculture and mechanical arts todays alemaya university in 1953. The program, financed on the basis of this agreement, has been under implementation in 96 high potential agriculture. Goal of ethiopias extension system contribute significantly to the attainment of food and nutrition security, poverty reduction and wealth creation in the country through adoption and adaptation of improved technologies by delivering marketoriented, demanddriven and pluralistic extension services. It imperative in the development and utilization of the knowledge, skills, attitudes and the general potential of human resource of the country to improve productivity of agriculture. Gender disparity in the utilization of agricultural.
Extension system and to identify the most important barriers to the adoption of modem agricultural inputs. The maize extension package in southwestern ethiopia negussie efa ethiopian agricultural research organization jima research centre p. Analysis of farmers participation in public agricultural. Addis ababa march 202017 ethiopia has launched its first agricultural extension strategy today. The current national agricultural research system 4. In ethiopia, public agricultural extension services have been in action for about half a century. As the state owns all land in ethiopia, rural residents have been guaranteed access to land through a law that grants them a right to obtain agricultural land for free.
Data were collected from proportionally selected 109 mhhs and 36 fhhs. There is an evident dichotomy in many rural development policies in the world between extension driven adoption of modern inputs and community. The main derive here is the impact analysis of extension participation on income and income diversification of rural households. The results show that the strengthening of extension services had a positive impact on economic participation in the household, land area cultivated, and adoption of marketable crops, suggesting that access to extension helped farmers switch to more commercial, marketoriented agriculture. For outcomes from agricultural research to bring about meaningful development in ethiopia, these issues, among many others, need to be addressed by the current and future ethiopian governments. Are agricultural extension packages what ethiopian. Most importantly, the program is the main vehicle for achieving the ethiopia. Adedoyin college of agricultural science olabisi onabanjo university yewa campus, ayetoro ogun. The study assessed strengths and constraints in the fieldlevel extension system, the atvet system, and. The establishment of the land grant college at haramaya the then alemaya college of agriculture and mechanical arts, agricultural technical schools ambo and jimma as well as area development projects such as ardu, wadu and cadu, and the regular extension activities under the ministry of agriculture are the main developments in the history of agricultural extension in ethiopia. Aec 2012 impact of improved agricultural technology. Research and developments issues do not function in vacuum. Ethiopian economic association ethiopian economic policy research institute, c2006.
This analyzed paper the nexus between population growth and cultivated land with the main emphasis on access to farmla nd, farm size and. Ethiopian development research institute edri, and other development partners to provide. Roles, constraints and opportunities of small scale. Extension provides a critical support service for rural producers meeting the new challenges. Section n provides a brief discussion on the method ofdata collection and the study areas. Policy research institute ifpri, essp ii works closely with the government of ethiopia, the. Agricultural education is an important component in the rural development of ethiopia. Indigenous knowledge of enset ensete ventricosum welw.